A Delta State-based lawyer, Prof. O. G. Izevbuwa, has kicked against an alleged move by the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) to auction a tugboat, MV Omas Success, owned by his client, Ocean Marine, which the anti-grant commission reportedly seized six years ago.
The lawyer has subsequently issued a 30-day ultimatum to the EFCC to release the tugboat, MV Omas Success, to his client, arguing that “while the EFCC Act vests some powers of seizure in the commission, such powers are only exercisable where a vessel has been found culpable.”
He said, “Our client’s tugboat was not involved in any wrong neither was it intended to be used in committing any crime.”
He consequently demanded from the EFCC a sum of N50 million, “being damages for the salvage and repairs of the boat, having been majorly submerged by water.”
In a protest letter from the lawyer to the EFCC, copies of which were made available to journalists in Warri on Monday, Prof. Izevbuwa who led a team of other lawyers, F. I. Bob-Osaze (Mrs.), C. C. Udoala (Mrs.), J. E. Ibiomgbo Esq. and A. E. Iluobe (Miss), alleged that the EFCC had deprived their client “the use of the tugboat for the past six years,” adding that they were shocked when the EFCC displayed the tugboat for sale by auction few days ago and the client saw it.
The protest letter reads in part, “Our client is at a loss to understand why the commission has decided to take this unilateral move.”
Izevbuwa explained that in 2018, the tugboat was assigned by its owner to Egrangbene community, Burutu Local Government Area, Delta State where dredging and canalization work was being carried out.
“The tugboat was detailed to move dredging equipment and hoses to other locations within Egrangbene community. The photographs of the tugboat, its operator’s permit, and other documents are attached herein as Annexures A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, and K respectively.’’
“Our client states that on their way back from Egrangbene community, the tugboat had mechanical problems when it was tied at New Jerusalem Christian Settlement within Egrangbene community.
“It was while awaiting repairs that men of the Joint Task Force, Warri Base, descended on the tugboat in a warlike manner. They then illegally and unlawfully towed it away.
“Our client states that it was while awaiting the release of the tugboat that it became aware that the tugboat had been handed over to the EFCC.
“Your commission subsequently invited the Managing Director of our client and some other workers in the company in the course of its investigation, through a letter dated 27th September 2018, with reference CR.3000/EFCC/BNZ/STF/278/VOL.6/100. A copy of the said letter of invitation and a copy of the letter dated 9th October 2018 written by our client’s solicitors asking for a re-scheduling of the interview is attached herewith as Annexures L and M respectively.”
The lawyer stated further that after a detailed investigation by the EFCC, it was discovered that the men of the Joint Tax Force who arrested our client’s tugboat were only on a voyage of mischief.
Also speaking with journalists, the owner of the tugboat, Mr. Owen Nanakumoh Esq, Chairman/Managing Director of Ocean Marine Services Limited, affirmed that “as we are talking, they’ve sold it (tugboat) amongst other vessels through auction, despite the receipt of this protest.”
Nanakumoh named the purported buyer of the tugboat from the auctioneer as Mr. Elo E.
He added that the buyer called the military when “our protest was brought to him before the Enerhen police, but the military threatened to deal with whosoever questions or interferes.” He disclosed that the buyer claims the order is from the Defence Headquarters, Abuja. Nanakumoh said.
The tugboat owner therefore pleaded profusely that the Service Chiefs should intervene and ensure that justice is served.
Efforts to hear from the EFCC on the incident were unsuccessful at the time of filing this report.
READ ALSO: EFCC arrests three persons for naira mutilation in Asaba
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We hypothesized that a mix of creatine monohydrate supplementation and resistance coaching may attenuate myostatin expression and modulate downstream targets, selling more accentuated modifications in white gastrocnemius
than within the soleus muscle. Combinations between train training
and creatine interventions resulted in higher lean mass and
lower muscle protein catabolism [10,11]. Another possible effect of creatine
supplementation is the adaptive modulation of myosin heavy
chain (MyHC) isoforms in skeletal muscle fibers [12,13,14,15,16].
MyHC isoform profiles determine the muscle fiber phenotype; generally, predominantly MyHC I fibers have larger gradual
twitch-oxidative traits, while fibers containing more MyHC II largely have a fast glycolytic metabolism [17,18].
Skeletal muscle tissue have a diverse proportion and distribution of highly adaptable fiber sorts in order that phenotypical elements can be affected by several molecular signaling pathways, which regulate protein synthesis
and myogenic activity [19,20]. Individual differences between creatine supplementation and (A)
baseline and (B) placebo situation.
Legal definitions of and regulatory necessities for “dietary supplements” (USA and Korea), “food supplements” (EU), “natural health products” (Canada), and “non-drug meals additives” (Japan) are advanced, differ between countries/regions, and can be complicated.
Lack of awareness and/or understanding of the given country’s relevant necessities could
additionally be one clarification for the shortage of compliance on the part of some entrepreneurs.
In the USA, the increased prevalence of these alternate types (CEE in particular) in dietary complement merchandise, with no
enforcement action from FDA, has helped to support this misperception.
It helps your muscular tissues produce vitality during heavy lifting
or high-intensity exercise. Now, chemically, it shares similarities with
amino acids and can be produced by the physique from glycine and arginine,
two amino acids. Apart From endogenous manufacturing, you
can even get hold of creatine via dietary sources,
particularly by consuming meat and fish. Creatine phosphate, while efficient in its role throughout
the body, is less generally used as a dietary complement compared to
creatine monohydrate. While it looks as if creatine phosphate would be the best type because the creatine and phosphate teams are already
bonded, this isn’t the case. Creatine phosphate solely incorporates about 60% creatine, meaning you need
to take a bigger dose to get the really helpful amount
of creatine.
A creatine-induced reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-6) and other markers of inflammation (e.g., TNFα,
PGE2) may help explain a few of the neuroprotective benefits observed in sufferers with central nervous system-related illnesses [6].
It may also explain stories that creatine supplementation attenuates inflammatory
and/or muscle injury in response to intense train [274,295,296,297].
On the other hand, there have been several
studies in mice suggesting that creatine supplementation could impair airway inflammation, thereby exacerbating exercise-induced bronchial asthma [298,299].
Additional analysis is needed to understand creatine’s anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating results,
however it is clear that creatine can affect these pathways.
Furthermore, Creapure’s assurance of being contamination-free provides a
significant well being advantage that common creatine monohydrate can’t
assure. Whereas the advantages of Creapure® mirror those of creatine,
its ultra-purity enhances its potency, making it incrementally
simpler. As you push through your workout,
your ATP stores begin to run out, causing your muscle power
and endurance to dwindle. It’s an necessary amino acid-like
compound, discovered primarily in our muscle cells.
Analysis reveals that NO is beneficial in controlling blood strain and
in assisting the immune system, in addition to enjoying a task in muscle progress.
However, additional analysis is needed to gauge the consequences of RT on creatine uptake and retention in muscle earlier than conclusions can be drawn (Fig. 13).
Creatine and phosphagens play a crucial role in offering power by way of the creatine kinase (CK) and
PCr system [50,fifty four,55]. In this regard, the free energy yielded from the enzymatic
degradation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) into adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
and Pi by CK serves as a primary fuel to replenish ATP for mobile metabolism.
These enhancements tend to be small to moderate in dimension, with plenty
of interindividual variability. Different purposes referring to endurance performance and
well being improvement are less clear, with extra research
needed to determine supplemental creatine’s effectiveness.
Creatine can present other neuroprotective advantages via stabilisation of mitochondrial membranes, stimulation of glutamate
uptake into synaptic vesicles and stability of intracellular calcium homeostasis
[72]. Creatine is used and researched in a medical setting to
investigate numerous pathologies or problems such as
myopathies [3,4] and can also be used as an ergogenic aid for improving health and sports efficiency in athletes [5].
As an oral supplement, probably the most extensively used and researched type is
creatine monohydrate (CM). When orally ingested, CM has shown to improve exercise efficiency and improve fats free mass [5-9].
Whether Or Not it is manufactured in-house (the body) or solicited
via an outdoor source (food or supplements), creatine is stored in the muscle
cells as creatine phosphate (CP), says Bogden.
One study from 2020 in contrast creatine HCL vs.
monohydrate amongst a bunch of 36 healthy adults. Participants were
given both three grams of creatine HCL or 20 grams of creatine monohydrate.
Bodily efficiency values had been collected on day one
and at the end of 6 months after supplementation with HCL or monohydrate.
In fact, one examine published in the Journal of Dietary
Supplements found that creatine HCL is 38 occasions extra soluble than creatine monohydrate.
In theory, the elevated solubility means that it might additionally lead to
minimal water retention. There isn’t any proof displaying supplemental
creatine monohydrate causes hair loss. Rather, the
speculation about creatine inflicting hair loss was generated from a single
paper from 2009 that checked out college-aged rugby gamers taking creatine
or placebo for 21-days.
In addition, despite many anecdotal claims, it seems that creatine supplementation would have optimistic
influences on muscle cramps and dehydration [82]. Creatine was found to extend total body
water probably by lowering the risk of dehydration, lowering sweat
fee, reducing core body temperature and exercising heart price.
Furthermore, creatine supplementation does not improve symptoms nor negatively
affect hydration or thermoregulation standing of athletes exercising
within the heat [83,84]. Moreover, CM ingestion has been shown to scale back the rate of perceived exertion when training in the
heat [85]. A child’s ability to regenerate high energy phosphates throughout high depth exercise
is lower than that of an grownup. Due to this, creatine
supplementation could profit the speed and use of creatine phosphate and ATP rephosporylation.
However, these are typically gentle and might often be mitigated by proper
hydration and dosage. It basically consists of creatine dissolved in water, often with several added vitamins and
amino acids. Buffered Creatine Buffered or pH-corrected creatine is just creatine monohydrate blended with sodium bicarbonate (aka plain ol’ baking soda).
Although buffered creatine has been closely marketed over time, there is
no research to support the claims that it provides better absorption than creatine monohydrate.
Its recognition has been declining in recent years, particularly since
creatine HCl hit the market. Since there isn’t any good evidence that buffered types present unique advantages,
creatine monohydrate is the winner. Nonetheless, a examine immediately comparing buffered and monohydrate varieties found no differences with reference to effectiveness or unwanted effects
(31).
Syndromes of this nature have the possibility to be improved by supplementing orally with creatine.
Brain creatine deficiency ensuing from ineffective crea T1 has been shown to not be effectively handled with oral creatine supplementation [51].
Moreover, oral creatine administration in sufferers with myopathies has shown conflicting outcomes depending on the kind of myopathy
and creatine transport systems disorders [4].
Op’t Eijnde et al [39] noted that the anticipated decline in GLUT4 content after being
noticed during a immobilization interval can be offset
by a common loading creatine (20g/d) supplementation protocol.
In addition, combining CM 15g/d for 3 weeks following 5 g/d for the next 7 weeks positively enhances GLUT4
content material, glycogen, and total muscle creatine
storage [39]. It is suggested [16,37] that one other mechanism for the effect of creatine could possibly be
enhanced muscle glycogen accumulation and GLUT4 expression, when creatine supplementation is mixed with a glycogen depleting exercise.
Cheese is a good supply of protein and calcium however is usually
high in saturated fats and salt (21). Consuming
foods that include creatine or taking creatine dietary supplements provides you with that additional
energy that can optimize your physical activity (3).
DEXA physique composition and BIA decided body water have been decided on 36 members (12 per
group). Greenhouse-Geisser time and group x time (G x T) interplay
p-levels are reported with univariate group p-levels. Stick to
3-5 grams per day of creatine monohydrate powder (ideally micronized
CM), and you’ll relaxation assured figuring out you’re using a extremely efficient, research-validated exercise complement.
So if you want to experience the confirmed performance-enhancing
results of creatine, creatine monohydrate is the clear winner.
Imply test-retest reliability studies performed
on male athletes in our lab has yielded imply coefficients of
variation for complete bone mineral content and whole fat free/soft tissue mass of
0.31% to zero.45% with a mean intra-class correlation of 0.985 [41].
Physique water was estimated using an ImpediMed DF50 bioelectrical impedance analyzer (ImpediMed, San Diego, CA).
Overall, studies clearly show that creatine monohydrate is simpler
at rising intramuscular creatine levels and enhancing training diversifications like muscle development.
In one 7-week study on weightlifters, the CM group gained considerably extra muscle mass than the CEE or placebo teams.
This just isn’t the end of this difficult process, however it’s not what this text is about.
As you possibly can see, creatine performs a vital position in the synthesis of protein in the
physique and in the energy processes.
This relies on following a nutrient-rich food regimen, common exercise
routine, and consistent creatine supplementation — and whether or not this routine is part
of a strictly followed every day routine. Folks in search of a clinically
confirmed creatine powder typically flip to creatine monohydrate, while those that prioritize
a creatine supplement that’s extremely soluble (easily
dissolves) could attain for micronized creatine.
The latter has additionally been discovered to be more expensive, whereas the previous usually costs less due to its pure form of creatine.
Crea T1 has shown to be extremely sensitive to the extracellular and intracellular levels being specifically activated when whole creatine content contained in the cell decreases [12].
It has also been noticed that in addition to cytosolic creatine, the existence of a mitochondrial
isoform of Crea T1 allows creatine to be transported into the mitochondria.
Indicating another intra-mitochondrial pool of creatine,
which appears to play an important position within the phosphate-transport system from the
mitochondria to the cytosol [13]. Myopathy patients have
demonstrated reduced ranges of total creatine and phosphocreatine as properly as lower ranges of
CreaT1 protein, which is considered a significant contributor to those decreased levels [14].
Creatine Monohydrate is generally thought of better as a result of
its extensive analysis backing, proven effectiveness in enhancing efficiency, and cost-effectiveness.
Creatine HCL, known for its superior solubility and doubtlessly fewer unwanted effects like bloating,
presents an alternative for people who may expertise digestive
points with Monohydrate. However, the choice ultimately is decided by particular person preferences and responses to each kind.
It increases the body’s shops of creatine phosphate (CP), which is essentially
the most fundamental type of energy. One Other examine confirmed that taking creatine monohydrate with a bolus of easy carbohydrates (dextrose) 4 occasions daily
for five days increased whole creatine uptake in muscle tissue considerably [24].
Loading creatine monohydrate with megadoses has been proven to
extend muscle creatine concentrations by 10%-40% [22]. Once muscle creatine stores are saturated,
a upkeep dose of 3-5 grams of creatine monohydrate per day will suffice.
For bettering performance and health benefits, however, consuming extra creatine-rich meals just
isn’t an efficient technique of saturating muscle creatine
stores. Creatine monohydrate is probably the most broadly researched form of creatine, and notably the simplest
in enhancing train efficiency, promoting muscle power, and rising lean mass.
This doesn’t occur instantly, so it’s no problem to combine your powder with water right earlier than you eat it.
Supposedly, this could improve its efficiency and scale back side effects corresponding to bloating
and cramping. When minor side effects do occur, they typically contain an upset abdomen or cramping.
Creatine monohydrate stays essentially the most totally
studied sports activities supplement, and that will
likely never change. An immense physique of literature
shows that creatine monohydrate can significantly enhance muscle creatine stores, thereby enhancing exercise
efficiency, body composition, and training variations [1].
Moreover, these types of creatine are each soluble and have a
recommended daily dosage of as a lot as 5g of creatine per serving.
The greatest type of creatine to take is mostly thought-about
to be Creatine Monohydrate. This is due to its in depth assist from scientific research demonstrating
its security, efficacy, and quite a few benefits in increasing strength, muscle mass, and exercise efficiency.
Numerous methods of preparation are used in the manufacturing of creatine dietary supplements.
This removal of water will increase the concentration of
creatine in the complement dose. In Accordance to the International Society of Sports
Vitamin, using creatine as a dietary supplement within established pointers is secure and effective.
It improves not solely energy and lean physique mass but in addition proven to be beneficial in preventing damage (3).
Creatine is certainly one of the most popular nutritional aids known to reinforce athletic performance.
Impressed by findings like those above, Kaptsan and colleagues [181] examined
whether creatine could improve neurocognitive and other symptoms in schizophrenia.
The investigators randomized 12 patients with schizophrenia to creatine 3
g or 5 g per day or placebo for three months in a double-blind, crossover
fashion. The examine did not particularly assay for
enhancements in mood associated to creatine, though no vital difference have
been noticed in the PANSS Unfavorable Symptom or PANSS Basic Psychopathology subscales, which could indirectly capture
depressive symptoms. However, despite the confirmed benefits
of creatine monohydrate, experts and complement producers often claim that other creatine
forms, corresponding to hydrochloride, are better. All Through the many
years, countless athletes, gym-goers, and fitness
lovers have supplemented with creatine to improve their performance, boost energy positive aspects, and
recuperate higher following workouts. So, in phrases of creatine hcl vs monohydrate, you possibly can’t ignore that creatine monohydrate is probably the most thoroughly-researched type.
Primarily Based on what we’ve already mentioned, let’s take a look at whether or not it makes more sense so
that you just can take creatine hcl or creatine monohydrate as your pre exercise complement for max endurance.
Creatinol-O-phosphate was originally designed
to work as a cardioprotective drug that was also used to deal with
irregular heartbeats because it helps improve heart
performance and ionic steadiness. Toxicological research
confirmed that creatinol-O-phosphate is well-tolerated,
lacks side effects and has a positive therapeutic index (x).
Creatinol-O-phosphate prolongs the process
of anaerobic glycolysis by performing as a buffer between cells.
The complement thus allows the muscular tissues to contract
past the point at which the protective measures would usually kick
in and shut down exercise. Now I’ve been harping on about loading phases and by now
you’re considering, “Do I actually should load up on creatine before I begin seeing results? Since it’s composed of creatine molecules and a water molecule, it’s about 90% pure creatine by weight. That’s proper, whereas both are superior for muscle progress and athletic efficiency, they’ve received some key differences.
There is extra analysis backing creatine monohydrate at this point, but the most effective thing to do is to strive each monohydrate and Hcl and see which one works higher for you. Though any sort of creatine will help you obtain outcomes, each will work somewhat differently. Whereas these variations are physically small, they actually have a noticeable impression on how creatine is absorbed and utilized within the physique. You additionally wish to select a creatine monohydrate powder free of pointless components, artificial elements, and fillers. Monohydrate is well-tolerated, however you could experience cramping, bloating, and water retention.
References:
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